JAPAN
ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNING STANDARDS
ISSUED BY
HEADQUARTERS, U.S. FORCES JAPAN
TOKYO, JAPAN
JANUARY 1997
Chapter 5: Hazardous Materials
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/EQ/p2cd/envaudit/131/05_hazm.htm
Chapter 18: Spill Prevention and Response Planning
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/EQ/p2cd/envaudit/131/18_spill.htm
CHAPTER 5
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
5-1 SCOPE
This Chapter contains criteria for the storage, handling, and disposition of hazardous materials used by the DOD. It does not cover solid or hazardous waste, underground storage tanks, petroleum storage, and related spill contingency and emergency response requirements. These matters are covered under other chapters. This document does not cover munitions and radioactive materials.
5-2 DEFINITIONS
5-2.1 Hazardous Chemical Warning Label. A label, tag, or marking on a container in both English and Japanese, where appropriate, which provides the following information: (1) identification/name of hazardous chemicals, (2) appropriate hazardous warnings, (3) the name and address of the manufacturer, importer or other responsible party, and (4) part number or stock number. See paragraph 5-3.8 of this Chapter.
5-2.2 Hazardous Material (HM). Any material that is capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, or environment if improperly handled, stored, issued, transported, labeled, or disposed because:
a. It displays a characteristic listed in Table 5-1 to this Chapter, or
b. It is identified in Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Department of Transportation (DOT), the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) regulations, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code; or
c. The material is listed in Appendix A.
5-2.3 Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS). The computer-based information system developed to accumulate, maintain and disseminate important information on hazardous material used by the DOD.
5-2.4 Hazardous Material Shipment Any movement of hazardous material in an approved DOD or contractor land vehicle either from an installation to a final destination off the installation, or from a point of origin off the installation to a final destination on the installation, in excess of any of the following quantities:
a. For hazardous material identified as a result of inclusion in Appendix A, any quantity in excess of the reportable quantity listed in Appendix A;
b. For other liquid or semi-liquid hazardous material, in excess of 415 liters (I 1 0 gallons);
c. For other solid hazardous material, in excess of 225 Kg (500 pounds); or
d. For combinations of liquid, semi-liquid and solid hazardous materials, in excess of 340 kg (750 pounds).
5-2.5 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). A form used by manufacturers of chemical products to communicate to users the chemical, physical, and hazardous properties of their product.
5-3 CRITERIA
5-3.1 The storage and handling of hazardous materials will adhere to the Army TM 38-410, Navy NAVSUP PUB 505, Air Force AFR 69-9, Marine Corps MCO 4450-12 or Defense Logistics Agency DLAM 4145.11: "Storage and Handling and Implementing Regulations Governing Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials."
5-3.2 Hazardous material dispensing areas will be property maintained. Drums/containers must not be leaking. Drip pans/absorbent materials will be placed under containers which contain liquids as necessary to collect drips resulting from use. Container contents will be clearly labeled. Dispensing areas will be located away from catch basins and storm drains.
5-3.3 All DOD/Master Labor Contract (MLC)/indirect Hire Agreement (IHA) personnel who use, handle or store hazardous materials will be trained in accordance with the regulations cited in Section 5-3.1 above. Training will be bilingual as necessary. All personnel who are involved with hazardous materials will be trained with:
a. Awareness/familiarization training to enable the employee to recognize and identify hazardous property;
b. Function-specific training for the mode of transportation utilized;
c. Safety training to educate the employee in the areas of emergency response, measures to protect the
employee from the hazards to which they may be exposed and methods and procedures to avoid
accidents through proper handling;
d. Training performed to meet the requirement of Section 5-3.1 that addresses the training specified herein may be used to satisfy this requirement to avoid unnecessary duplication of training.
5-3.4 Installations will ensure that for each hazardous material shipment:
a. The shipment is accompanied by shipping papers from its point of origin to its final destination. The shipping papers will be completed in accordance with local transportation regulations Title 49 CFR (DOT), IATA regulations or the IMDG Code depending upon the mode of transportation utilized. An MSDS or its equivalent will be attached to the shipping paper for each hazardous material listed on the shipping paper. A DD Form 1348-IA may be used as a shipping paper for hazardous material shipments over public roads.
b. All vehicle drivers are briefed on the hazards of the materials being transported, and must carry in their vehicle and be proficient in the use of an Emergency Response Guidebook (DOT RSPA P 5800.6) or equivalent
c. All DOD vehicles are subjected to a walk around inspection by supervisory personnel before and after the material is loaded.
d. Hazardous materials must be in Performance Oriented Packaging (POP), marked, and labeled in accordance with Title 49 CFR, IATA regulations, local or the IMDG Code. Exception: Non bulk packaging, other than cylinders, which were filled prior to. 1 Oct 96 (in conformance with regulations in effect on 30 Sept 96) can be offered for transportation and transported domestically until 1 Oct 99. This provision does not authorize the filling of packaging; only offering transportation of packaging filled prior to 1 Oct 96.
e. All hazardous materials will have a hazardous chemical warning label in accordance with Section 5-3.9.
f. If installations use commercial transporters, ensure that contractors have applicable licenses or permits for operation.
g. All vehicles transporting hazardous materials will have a spill contingency kit appropriate for the hazardous materials on board consisting of adequate materials to properly respond to a possible release or spill.
h. All containers are secured with steps, bracing, dunnage, etc., to prevent movement or displacement of containers during transit.
i. DOD vehicles may not be placarded, especially when traveling outside the USFJ installations.
5-3.5 Air shipments of hazardous material originating from DOD installations will adhere to Title 49 CFR or IATA regulations. Water shipments of hazardous materials originating from DOD installations will adhere to the IMDG Code.
5-3.6 Each installation will maintain a master listing of all storage facilities approved by the Installation Commander for hazardous material, and an inventory of all hazardous materials contained therein (see Chapter 18).
5-3.7 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Each MSDS shall be in English and shall contain at least the following information:
a. Material identification
(1) If the hazardous chemical is a single substance, its chemical and common name.
(2) If the hazardous chemical is a mixture which has been tested as a whole to determine its hazards, the chemical and
common name(s) of the ingredients which contribute to these known hazards, and the common name(s) of the mixture
itself or,
(3) If the hazardous chemical is a mixture which has not been tested as a whole:
(a) The chemical and common name(s) of all ingredients which have been determined to be health hazards,
and which comprise I% or greater of the composition, except that chemicals identified as carcinogens,
shall be listed if the concentrations are 0. I% or greater.
(b) The chemical and common name(s) of all ingredients which have been determined to be health hazards,
and which comprise less than 1 % (0. 1 % for carcinogens) of the mixture, if there is evidence that the
ingredient(s) could be released from the mixture in concentrations which would exceed an established
OSHA permissible exposure limit or could present a health hazard to employees.
b. Physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous chemical (such as vapor pressure, flash point)
c. The physical hazards of the hazardous chemical, including the potential for fire, explosion, and reactivity
d. The health hazards of the hazardous chemical, including signs and symptoms of exposure, and any medical conditions which are generally recognized as being aggravated by exposure to the chemical
e. The primary route(s) of entry (inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, etc.)
f. The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or employer preparing MSDS, where available
g. Whether the hazardous chemical has been found to be a potential carcinogen
h. Any generally applicable precautions for safe handling and use which are known to the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing MSDS, including appropriate hygienic practices, protective measures during repair and maintenance of contaminated equipment and procedures for clean-up of spills and leaks
i. Any generally applicable control measures which are known to the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer preparing MSDS, such as appropriate engineering controls, work practices, or personal protective equipment
j. Emergency and first aid procedures
k. The date of preparation of MSDS or the last change to it
l. The name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, employer or other responsible party preparing or distributing MSDS, who can provide additional information on the hazardous chemical and appropriate emergency procedures, if necessary
m. Specify if lead (Pb) content 0.06% by weight (600 ppm) or greater
5-3.8 Each work center will maintain a file of MSDS for each hazardous material procured, stored or used at the work center. MSDSs shall also be obtained or prepared for locally purchased items in English. Where not provided in Japanese, the bilingual training must include an explanation of the MSDS information.
5-3.9 Labeling
a.All hazardous materials on DOD installations will have a hazardous chemical warning label on each container or the equivalent information required per definition in paragraph 5-2. 1. This label and information can be obtained from HMIS. Where not provided in Japanese, the bilingual training must include an explanation of the hazardous chemical warning label information in Japanese.
b.Laboratories are required to ensure that hazardous chemical warning labels are attached on the outside of containers used to transport incoming or outgoing hazardous chemicals. Material safety data sheets must be accessible in work areas during each workshift, and employees will be provided information and training for each chemical used.
5-3.10 DOD installations will reduce the use of hazardous materials where practical through resource recovery, recycling, source reduction, acquisition, or other minimization strategies. Procurement of Japanese hazardous materials will be limited to mission essential purposes. Japanese hazardous materials will not be purchased for convenience only.
5-3.11 All excess hazardous material will be processed through the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) in accordance with the procedures in DOD 4160.21 -M. DRMS will only donate, transfer, or sell hazardous material to environmentally responsible parties.
5-3.12 The installation must prevent the unauthorized entry of persons or livestock into hazardous material storage areas. Work centers are held primarily responsible for control of their products. Installation will manage this program to ensure compliance.
5-3.13 Logistics Management
a. Provide a means of outlining logistical policy and procedures for managing hazardous materials and substances. It ensures adequate handling, accounting, inventory, tracking, and disposal of hazardous materials and substances. It encourages centralized control, minimization of use, and controlled requisition.
b. DOD installations and activities, as a minimum, will apply the following techniques in the management of hazardous materials:
(1) DOD installations will track hazardous material through the process of ordering, receiving, storing, issue, use, returns, recycling or disposal.
(2) All DOD installations will have an approved Hazardous Material For Use Listing which identifies hazardous material
products that can be requisitioned and used.
(3) Scrutinize procurement requirements of hazardous products to consider materials best suited to accomplish the
requirement
(4) Control the inflow of hazardous products by establishing strict control for local acquisition or procurement of
hazardous materials.
(5) Establish prior approval procedures, granting, and "approval to purchase" authority, for all sources of supply to include International Merchant Purchase Authorization Cards (IMPAC), or any other credit card authority, for the
acquisition/procurement of hazardous material or substances.
(6) Forbid arbitrary open end local procurement unless otherwise approved and authorized by the local installation Safety and/or Environmental Officer.
(7) Provide a centralized hazardous material control system responsive to established logistic supply systems that will
identify hazardous material and its use prior to acquisition.
(8) Hazardous Material Operational and Basic Load authorizations will be maintained at minimum essential authorized
approved quantities.
(9) Adequate protective clothing and equipment required by Title 29 CFR must be made available to all persons who enter sites where hazardous material or substances are used, stored or handled.
(10) DOD installations will follow a tracking system designed for tracking hazardous materials and substances from time
of receipt to time of use or disposal.
TABLE 5-1
TYPICAL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CHARACTERISTICS
I. The item is a health or physical hazard. Health hazards include carcinogens, corrosive materials, irritants,
sensitizes, toxic materials, and materials which damage the skin, eyes, or internal organs. Physical hazards
include combustible liquids, compressed gases, explosives, flammable materials, organic peroxides, oxidizers,
pyrophoric materials, unstable (reactive) materials and water-reactive materials.
II. The item and/or its disposal is regulated by the host nation because of its hazardous nature.
III. The item contains asbestos, mercury or polychlorinated biphenyls.
IV.The item has a flash point below 93 degrees Celsius (200 degrees F) closed cup, or is subject, to spontaneous
heating or is subject to polymerization with release of large amounts of energy when handled, stored, and shipped
without adequate control.
V. The item is a flammable solid or is an oxidizer or is a strong oxidizing or reducing agent with a standard
reduction potential of greater than 1.0 volt or less than -1.0 volt
VI.In the course of normal operations, accidents, leaks, or spills, the item may produce dusts, gases, fumes,
vapors, mists, or smokes with one or more of the above characteristics.
VII. The item has special characteristics which in the opinion of the manufacturer or the DOD Components could
cause harm to personnel if used or stored improperly.
CHAPTER 18
SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANNING
18-1 SCOPE
This Chapter contains criteria to prevent, control and report POL spills and hazardous substances releases. It is DOD policy to prevent environmental incidents which may be caused by DOD activities and to provide for prompt, coordinated responses to contain and clean up spills and releases that might occur. DOD objectives for carrying out this policy are to:
a. Use, generate, transport, store, handle and dispose of POL and hazardous substances in a way that protects the environment.
b. Institute responsive notification and reporting procedures to be used when an incident occurs, and maintain readiness to respond rapidly to contain and cleanup a spill or release.
c. Cooperate with host nation, regional and local government agencies to ensure that public health and welfare are adequately protected from POL spills and hazardous substances releases. (See Sections 18-3.1.c.(4), 18-3.1.c.(5) and 18-3.1.c.(6)).
18-2 DEFINITIONS
18-2.1 Hazardous Substance. Any substance having the potential to do serious harm to human health or the environment if spilled or released in reportable quantity. A listing of these substances and corresponding reportable quantity is contained in Appendix A. The term does not include:
a. Petroleum, including crude POL or any fraction thereof, which is not otherwise specifically listed or designated as a hazardous substance above.
b. Natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mixtures of natural gas and such synthetic gas).
18-2.2 Incident. Any spill or release of POL or hazardous substances.
18-2.3 Installation On-Scene Commander (IOSC). The official that coordinates and directs DOD control and cleanup efforts at the scene of a POL spill or hazardous substance release at DOD installations and activities. This official is designated by the installation or activity commander.
18-2.4 Installation Response Team (IRT). A team performing emergency functions as defined and directed by the IOSC.
18-2.5 Oil. POL of any kind or in any form, including, but not limited to, petroleum, fuel POL, sludge, POL refuse and POL mixed with wastes other than dredged spoil.
18-2.6 POL. Includes, but is not limited to, petroleum and petroleum-based substances comprised of complex blends of hydrocarbons derived from crude oil such as motor fuels, residual fuel oils, lubricants, petroleum solvents and used oils.
18-2.7 Reportable Quantity (RQ). A released quantity of POL or quantities of hazardous substances which meets or exceeds those identified in Section 18-2.9.
18-2.8 Significant Spill or Release. An un-contained release to the land or water in excess of any of the following quantities:
a. For hazardous waste or hazardous substance identified as a result of inclusion in Appendix A, any quantity in excess of the reportable quantity listed in Appendix A:
b. For POL or liquid or semi-liquid hazardous material, hazardous waste or hazardous substance, in excess of 415 liters (110 gallons);
c. For other solid hazardous material, in excess of 225 Kg (500 pounds); or
d. For combinations of POL and liquid, semi-liquid and solid hazardous materials, hazardous waste or hazardous substance, in excess of 340 Kg (750 pounds).
18-3 REQUIREMENTS
18-3.1 All DOD installations will prepare, maintain and implement a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan and an Oil and Hazardous Substance (OHS) Pollution Contingency Plan, for the prevention, control, cleanup and reporting of POL and hazardous substance incidents. These plans may be consolidated into one plan meeting the requirements of both. It should be noted that SPCC deals with spill prevention through the implementation of engineering and/or operational control and countermeasures at POL facilities; whereas OHS pollution contingency
planning deals with organizations, procedures, and resources to respond and cleanup spills. Not only their objectives are different, their implementation usually involve different departments within a DOD installation. The plan(s) will be reviewed annually and updated as necessary.
a. SPCC Plan: For SPCC Plan, please refer to Section 9-3.1. The Plan shall be certified by a registered professional engineer or equivalent, reviewed annually, and updated as necessary.
b. OHS Pollution Contingency Plan: The OHS Pollution Contingency Plan will identify resources for mitigating incidents of POL or hazardous substances at installations and activities, and to provide assistance to other agencies when requested. As a minimum, this plan will:
(1) Include the name, title, responsibilities, and telephone number of the designated IOSC.
(2) Designate an IOSC to coordinate and direct DOD control and cleanup efforts at the scene of a POL spill or hazardous substance release. The IOSC will be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the OHS Pollution Contingency Plan, all operations and activities involving POL and hazardous substances, the location and characteristics of POL and
hazardous substances handled, the location of all records, and the storage layout. In addition, the IOSC will have the
authority to commit the resources needed to carry out the OHS Pollution Contingency Plan.
(3) Assign IRT for POL spills and hazardous substance releases.
(4) Specify IRT's responsibilities, duties, procedures, composition, resources and training requirements.
(5) Establish notification procedures which;
(a) Develop and maintain current roster of the persons, and alternates, who must receive notice of a POL
spill or hazardous substance release. The roster will include name, organization mailing address, and work
and home telephone number.
(b) Assign responsibilities for making the necessary notifications including notification to the emergency
services providers.
(c) Without compromising security, include provisions for the notification of the emergency coordinator after
normal working hours.
(d) Provide access to a reliable communications system for timely notification of a POL spill or hazardous
substance release. Notification system must be organized to operate 24 hours-a-day, 7 days-a-week.
(e) Provide for the notification of the installation commander and proper local authorities to include the
Japan Maritime Self Defense Force if necessary in the event of hazard to human health or environment.
(f) Describe the procedures, responsibilities, and methods for releasing information in the event of a spill or
release.
(6) Establish detection procedures:
(a) Surveillance procedures for early detection of POL spills and hazardous substance releases.
(b) A description of immediate response actions that should be taken when an incident is first discovered.
(7) Prioritize a list of various critical water resources that will be protected in the event of a spill.
(8) List available resources:
(a) Located at the installation or activity. List all emergency equipment at the facility (such as fire
extinguishing systems, spill control equipment, communications and alarm systems (internal and external)
and decontamination equipment), where this equipment is required. This list will be kept up-to-date. In
addition, the OHS Pollution Contingency Plan will include the location and a physical description of each
item on the list, and a brief outline of its capabilities.
(b) Established through written prearranged agreements (within DOD or with the Government of Japan) that
are available to the installation to clean up or reclaim a large spill due to DOD activities, if such spill
exceeds the response capability of the installation. These agreements include arrangements with
installation and/or local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, contractors and emergency
response teams to coordinate emergency services.
(9) List cleanup methods:
(a) Procedures and techniques used to identify, contain, disperse, reclaim and remove POL and hazardous
substances.
(b) Procedures for the proper disposal of recovered substances, contaminated POL and absorbent
materials, and procedures to be accomplished prior to resumption of operations.
(c) A description of general safety and fire prevention precautions for spill cleanup actions.
(10) An evacuation plan for personnel where there is a possibility that evacuation would be necessary. This plan will
describe signal(s) to be used to begin evacuation, evacuation routes, alternate evacuation routes (in cases where the
primary routes could be blocked by releases of hazardous waste or fires), and a designated meeting place.
c. Reporting: The reporting of the OHS Pollution Contingency Plan will address the following -
(1) Record keeping when emergency procedures are invoked. The record will include the following for each incident:
(a) Date, time, location and type of an incident;
(b) Name, quantity and source of material involved;
(c) Cause of an incident and name of the party involved with the incident;
(d) Measures taken to contain and cleanup the spill;
(e) Quantity and disposition of material resulting from cleanup;
(f) Measures taken to prevent recurrence.
(g) Severity and geographic area affected;
(h) Local reaction and press coverage.
(2) Any POL spill or hazardous substances release which meets or exceeds the reportable quantities, will be reported to
the IOSC immediately. Immediate actions will be taken to eliminate the source and contain the spill or release.
(3) Notification of appropriate installation or activity chain of command.
(4) All known or suspected pollution incidents which meet or exceed the reportable quantity as described in JEGS will be reported by telephone and/or message, appropriately classified, to HQ USFJ/J4. Except for emergency situations
described in Paragraph 18-3.1.c.(6), service components will notify HQ USFJ/J4 prior to notifying local DFAO/DFAB.
Each service should notify HQ USFJ/J4 Environmental Programs Office (HQ USFJ/J42E) by telephone at DSN 225-4733 or HQ USFJ Command Center at DSN 225-2456, or by fax (for spills during non-duty hours) within four hours of an incident as defined below:
(a) A spill or release occurs inside a DOD installation and cannot be contained within any required berm or
secondary containment; or
(b) A spill exceeds 415 liters (110 gallons) of POL/fuel; or
(c) A possible contamination of a water resource; or
(d) Any toxic or hazardous material/waste spill; or
(e) Any off-base spill including spills into the ocean or drainage system, or on public roadway; or
(f) The IOSC determines that a spill or release is significant.
(5) Installation commanders will adhere to specified procedures for providing initial and follow-up notifications to HQ USFJ, when incidents or accidents occur on USFJ installations. These procedures are promulgated in USFJ Policy Letter (PL) 85-2, Protection and Enhancement of Environmental Quality; USFJ PL 55-1, Advanced Notification; USFJ PL 55-6, Operations and Serious Event/Incident Reporting; USFJ PL 11-14, Petitions and Petitioners; USFJ PL 30-2, Condolence Procedures; USFJ PL 4-10, Visits of Japanese to United States Forces, Japan (USFJ); and USFJ PL 4-4, Freedom of Information Act Program. Notification to local officials should be accomplished by GOJ agencies, more specifically by the Defense Facilities Administration Agency (DFAA) Office or Bureau (DFAO/DFAB) who normally maintains liaison between the installation and the city or prefecture concerned. Local commanders will not notify local Japanese officials directly on any matter concerning incidents or accidents without prior coordination with and approval
of USFJ, and then only in conjunction with local DFAO/DFAB except as noted in Paragraph 18-3.1.c.(6).
(6) When a POL spill or hazardous substance release occurs on a DOD installation which cannot be contained within the installation boundaries, and a threat to off-base Japanese people, property, or drinking water resources in an emergency situation, local Japanese officials and DFAO/DFAB will be notified immediately. In such a case, no prior J4 approval is required since time may be of the essence and local off-base spill response actions will normally be needed at once to alleviate any threat to people or the environment. However, notification to J4 via telephone/fax must be accomplished as soon as possible.
d. Training: Installations will provide annual training and conduct the necessary exercises to ensure the effectiveness of personnel and equipment. The training will also provide guidance in regard to notification, reporting, funding assistance, logistical support, resources available and coordinating efforts available.
e. Site Specific Plans:
(1) General information on the installation including name, type or function, location and address, charts of drainage
patterns, designated water protection areas, maps showing locations of facilities, critical water resources, land uses and possible migration pathways.
(2) An inventory of all POL and hazardous substances at storage, handling and transfer facilities described in Section
9-3.1.b.
(3) A detailed description of countermeasures, including structures and equipment for diversion and containment of spills, for each facility listed in the inventory. Measures should permit, as far as practical, reclamation of spilled substances. Chapters governing hazardous materials, hazardous waste, POL, underground storage tanks, pesticides and PCBs provide specific criteria for containment structure requirements.
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